By Rex Chung —— 2022-12-02
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在市場恐慌情緒蔓延下，WETH 驚傳脫鉤的傳言本週稍早瘋傳整個加密貨幣社群。本文將告訴你 WETH 是什麼、為什麼説很難大幅脫鉤？以及 WBTC 又是什麼？
本週稍早，WETH 驚傳脫鉤的傳言開始瘋傳整個加密社群，多位名人同聲附和，就連 WETH 智能合約的開發者 poordart.weth 也在Twitter 表示：
「不幸的是，傳言是真的。整個項目將返還給社群（金庫除外)，我會去一個非引渡國休養精神。WETH 已與 ETH 脫鉤…」
隨著議題不斷發燒，引發社群不少用戶恐慌。但其實這一切只是一個針對 WETH 類似迷因性質的玩笑話，網路上盛傳 ETH 和 WETH 脫鉤的圖片，也都是網友自行 P 圖的結果。
本文將科普什麼是 WETH、和一般 ETH 的差別是什麼、又為什麼很難大幅脫鉤？以及另外說明和它很像但卻是不同概念的 WBTC。
01｜什麼是 WETH？
WETH（Wrapped ETH）是以太坊上的一種 ERC-20 代幣，與 ETH 價格一致，用戶可以隨時 1：1 贖回原始資產。
為什麼需要打包（Wrap） ETH？
我們需要瞭解的是，在以太坊上並非每個代幣的技術都是相通的，因此造成區塊鏈彼此間的互操作性低，一條鏈的原生代幣不一定能在另一條鏈上使用，例如：你不能在以太坊區塊鏈上使用比特幣。
你可以試著想像一下，今天你帶著許多自己國家的貨幣去到其他國家。但該國並沒有接受你帶來的貨幣進行支付，你只能前往當地銀行兌換成當地貨幣。也就是說，在還沒有將你手上的現金進行轉換之前，你沒有辦法購買任何服務或產品。
為了解決這個麻煩，以太坊在 2015 年提出 ERC-20 標準。自此之後，幾乎所有在以太坊上的代幣都遵循這套標準，藉此提高了區塊鏈之間的互操作性。
但尷尬的是，由於 ERC-20 標準是在 ETH 發布後才製定的標準，ETH 本身也不符合，所以也需要經過打包成 WETH 以符合 ERC-20 標準。
02｜為什麼說 WETH 很難暴雷？
將 ETH 打包為 WETH 的智能合約非常精簡且運行多年無發生過錯誤，用起來也非常節省 Gas Fee，再加上沒有中心化單位（並沒有什麼 WETH 基金會，那都是玩笑）可以操控該合約，因此也沒有人可以挪走用戶資產，任何人都可直接使用智能合約，隨時 1：1 贖回 ETH ，可說是相當安全。
從 Etherscan 上我們可以看到該合約當前有約 376 萬枚 WETH（現價約 48 億美元）。
03｜WBTC 是什麼，會暴雷嗎？
如果想要將原生 BTC 使用於以太坊的智能合約上，我們同樣需要透過打包形成符合 ERC-20 標準的 WBTC。
但需要注意的是，WBTC 雖然也是跨鏈發行的 BTC 錨定幣，但它與 WETH 僅透過簡單的合約發行不同。它需透過中心化的單位支援發行，包括託管人 BitGo、以及數十個經銷商（例如：Nexo、Ren Protocol、甚至是目前已申請破產的 FTX 和 Alameda…）。
理論上，所有 BTC 現在應該都儲放在 BitGo 的多簽錢包中，並由十多個個知名的加密機構持有私鑰（也就是說至少需超過半數單位同意，才可以轉移資產），安全性也是相對有保障。
但是相較 WETH 來說，還是存在一些中心化可能造成的風險，例如用戶比較難從鏈上數據監督 BitGo 的多簽錢包，以及 WBTC 智能合約、比特幣錢包等餘額是否一致，而且部分 WBTC 的鑄造可能都在交易所內部透過某些程序產生，一般用戶無法觸及，而使用者也無法直接透過 BitGo 機制將 WBTC 兌換回鏈上的 BTC，必須先持有 WBTC 再去有支援 WBTC/BTC 交易對、或者支援鑄造、銷毀的交易所進行兌換，需透過機構才能間接使用 WBTC 功能。
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